What Is Surge Protection in an AC/DC Adapter?
For an AC/DC adapter, surge protection is primarily designed to handle sudden high-voltage transients at the input. Under normal conditions, mains voltage remains within a relatively stable range. However, lightning strikes, power grid switching, the startup or shutdown of high-power equipment, and the disconnection of inductive loads can generate transient voltage pulses that are significantly higher than the normal operating voltage within a very short period of time. If this energy enters the input stage of an Adapter directly, it may subject the bridge rectifier, MOSFET, control IC, and other primary-side components to excessive voltage stress.
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